FengZhiying1WangKun2JinYi3LuGuijun4LvYan5MaKe6SongTao7SunTao8JinXiaohong9WangYaping10XieGuanglun11XiaoHong12XiaoLizu13YangDong14YaoMing151Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310003, China2Department of Pain Management, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin City 300060, China3Department of Pain Medicine, The General Hospital of Eastern Theater, PLA, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210002, China4Department of Pain Medicine, Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing City 102218, China5Department of Pain Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710032, China6Department of Algology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai City 200092, China7Department of Pain Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110001, China8Departments of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250021, China9Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province 215031, China10Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410011, China11Department of Pain & Rehabilitation and Palliative Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450000, China12Department of Pain Management, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province 610041, China13Department of Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province 518052, China14Department of Pain Medicine, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430022, China15Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province 314001, China
All writers are contributed equally to the article
1982年Harbaugh等[1]采用植入式鞘内药物输注系统(intrathecal drug delivery system, IDDS)应用吗啡(morphine)后患者疼痛持续缓解,开启了鞘内药物镇痛新时代。鞘内镇痛所需药物剂量更低、疗效更佳,适用于慢性癌痛与非癌痛患者[2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]。对于癌痛患者,应用IDDS技术不仅减轻疼痛,使生活质量得到明显改善,一定程度上帮助延长患者生存期[2,3,4,5]。为规范该技术,《中华疼痛学杂志》组织国内在该技术临床应用经验丰富的专家,整合现有国内外诊疗指南、临床研究和临床实践,形成本共识,并对关键问题和技术进行投票,形成专家共识推荐强度,见表1。
肿瘤疼痛控制的"5A"目标为[9]:最佳镇痛(analgesia)、最小不良反应(adverse effects)、最优日常活动(activites)、避免异常用药(aberrant drug taking)、重视疼痛与情绪间的关系(affect)。鞘内药物的药代动力学十分复杂,与药物的化学性质、分子量、CSF流体力学、鞘内微结构,以及鞘内导管位置、注射容量、注药方式(单次或持续输注)等密切相关。因此,IDDS镇痛后若疼痛控制仍不佳,需要考虑以下原因逐一排查[14, 31]:
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