LiJing1ChenZhen1LiSisi1LuBing2ZhaoSiqing2WangRong3CaoGuoqing4WangWei5MaChuntao6HouXuexin7WangYanhai8ZhaoChihong1WuGuizhen81Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China2Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100091, China3China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment, Beijing 100062, China4China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 101119, China5Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China6National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China7National Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China8National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
1. 国外相关标准发展和现状:WHO和欧美等国的相关机构,早期以手册或指南的形式提出了病原微生物实验室生物安全管理要求。20世纪80年代发展至今,美国、加拿大、法国、德国、澳大利亚、日本等国家建设了大量生物安全实验室,并以WHO的《实验室生物安全手册》(Laboratory Biosafety Manual)[3]、美国CDC联合国立卫生研究院出台的《微生物和生物医药实验室生物安全》(Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories,BMBL)为理论指导[4],不断发展与完善病原微生物实验室生物安全管理体系[5]。WHO于1983、1993、2004和2021年分别发布了《实验室生物安全手册》的第1、2、3、4版。BMBL目前已更新至第六版,是国际公认比较详细的实验室生物安全操作指南。加拿大公共卫生署对现有的生物安全相关标准和指南进行整合,发布了《加拿大生物安全标准和指南》(Canadian Biosafety Standards and Guidelines),并于2015年颁布了《加拿大生物安全标准》(第3版)[Canadian Biosafety Standards(3rd ed edition),CBS-3][6],2016年颁布了《加拿大生物安全手册》(第2版)[Canadian Biosafety Handbook(2nd ed)][7],也是CBS-3的配套文件。
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