LianXinqiao1ZhaoShihua1LuMinjie21Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing 100037, China2Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing 100037, China
陆敏杰,Email:coolkan@163.com Lu Minjie, Email: coolkan@163.com
《2023年心肌病管理指南》(下称2023心肌病指南)于2023年欧洲心脏病学会(European Society of Cardiology,ESC)年会期间重磅颁布[1],相较于2014年针对单种心肌病的《2014年肥厚型心肌病诊断和管理指南》(下称2014肥心病指南)[2],2023心肌病指南不仅基于最新的循证学依据对肥厚型心肌病(hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,HCM)部分进行了重点更新,更是对各类心肌病表型进行了整合归纳,为临床提供了更加全面、精准的心肌病诊疗流程及管理建议。该指南是继2014肥心病指南以来,ESC首次纳入全部心肌病的指导性文件,具有里程碑意义。
心肌病的分型长期存在着争议,2023心肌病指南遵循“心肌病思维导向”,以结构和功能异常为依据,将心肌病分为5大表型:HCM、扩张型心肌病(dilated cardiomyopathy,DCM)、非扩张型左心室心肌病(non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy,NDLVC)、致心律失常性右心室心肌病(arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy,ARVC)和限制型心肌病(restrictive cardiomyopathy,RCM),同时,将左心室过度小梁化和Takotsubo综合征视作与表型相关的补充特征。超声心动图和CMR在心肌病的诊断中有着不可替代的价值。超声心动图常发挥着“前哨”作用,CMR则更多扮演着“侦察兵”的角色。CMR不仅可以提供心脏结构和功能信息,还可在体显示心肌水肿、充血、淀粉样变等病理学特征,实现疾病的“病理影像化”映射[7],在心肌病表型基础上提示其潜在的病因可能,示例见表2。
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