Chinese Antituberculosis AssociationPediatric Tuberculosis Committee, the Society of Tuberculosis, Chinese Medical AssociationTuberculosis Committee of Chinese Research Hospital AssociationChina Medicine Education Association Committee on PediatricsPediatric Tuberculosis Committee of Yunnan Antituberculosis Association
万朝敏,Email:wcm0220@126.com;申阿东,Email:13370115087@163.com Wan Chaomin, Email: wcm0220@126.com;Shen Adong, Email: 13370115087@163.com
Recommended strategy example of glucocorticoids adjuvant treatment for pediatric tuberculous meningitis[6,7,8]
GCS=15分且无神经系统定位损害
GCS<15分或有神经系统定位损害
总疗程6周
总疗程8周
第1周地塞米松0.3 mg/kg,静脉注射,1次/d
第1周地塞米松0.4 mg/kg,静脉注射,1次/d
第2周地塞米松0.2 mg/kg,静脉注射,1次/d
第2周地塞米松0.3 mg/kg,静脉注射,1次/d
第3周地塞米松0.1 mg/kg,静脉注射,1次/d
第3周地塞米松0.2 mg/kg,静脉注射,1次/d
第4-6周改为口服地塞米松,逐渐减量
第4周地塞米松0.1 mg/kg,静脉注射,1次/d
第5-8周改为口服地塞米松,逐渐减量
注:GCS:格拉斯哥昏迷指数,有睁眼反应、语言反应和运动反应3个方面,3个方面的分数相加 GCS:Glasgow Coma Scale,includes three aspects:eye opening response,verbal response,and motor response,and the scores of these three aspects are added together
相关说明:(1)适应证:在充分抗结核治疗的情况下,包括世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)在内的多个指南均推荐儿童结核性脑膜炎使用糖皮质激素作为联合辅助治疗。证据显示糖皮质激素辅助治疗结核性脑膜炎可使病死率降低25% (RR=0.75,95%CI:0.65~0.87)[7],减少后遗症风险;糖皮质激素可减轻颅内炎症,特别是蛛网膜下腔的炎症;减少脑、脊髓水肿和降低颅内压;减轻小血管炎症,因此减少脑积水和脑梗死的形成[8,9]。(2)激素逐步减量,由于结核性脑膜炎全身用激素的量较大,过早和/或过快减停可致"反跳"现象,病情反复后往往需要更大剂量激素处理,因此需要逐步减量,用法见表1。
参考文献HasanZ, CliffJM, DockrellHM, et al.CCL2 responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis are associated with disease severity in tuberculosis[J].,2009,4(12):e8459.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0008459.McCaffreyEF, DonatoM, KerenL, et al.The immunoregulatory landscape of human tuberculosis granulomas[J].,2022,23(2):318-329.DOI:10.1038/s41590-021-01121-x.HunterRL.The pathogenesis of tuberculosis-the koch phenomenon reinstated[J].,2020,9(10):813.DOI:10.3390/pathogens9100813.ZumlaA, RaoM, WallisRS, et al.Host-directed therapies for infectious diseases:current status,recent progress,and future prospects[J].,2016,16(4):e47-e63.DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(16)00078-5.CritchleyJA, YoungF, OrtonL, et al.Corticosteroids for prevention of mortality in people with tuberculosis:a systematic review and meta-ana-lysis[J].,2013,13(3):223-237.DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70321-3.PrasadK, SinghMB, RyanH.Corticosteroids for managing tuberculous meningitis[J].,2016,4(4):CD002244.DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD002244.pub4.ThwaitesGE, NguyenDB, NguyenHD, et al.Dexamethasone for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis in adolescents and adults[J].,2004,351(17):1741-1751.DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa040573.ThwaitesG, FisherM, HemingwayC, et al.British infection society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis of the central nervous system in adults and children[J].,2009,59(3):167-187.DOI:10.1016/j.jinf.2009.06.011.World Health Organization.WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis:module 4:treatment:drug-susceptible tuberculosis treatment[EB/OL].(2022-05-24) [2024-05-29].https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240048126.WiysongeCS, NtsekheM, ThabaneL, et al.Interventions for treating tuberculous pericarditis[J].,2017,9(9):CD000526.DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD000526.pub2.ReuterH, BurgessLJ, LouwVJ, et al.Experience with adjunctive corticosteroids in managing tuberculous pericarditis[J].,2006,17(5):233-238.StrangJIG, NunnAJ, JohnsonDA, et al.Management of tuberculous constrictive pericarditis and tuberculous pericardial effusion in Transkei:results at 10 years follow-up[J].,2004,97(8):525-535.DOI:10.1093/qjmed/hch086.宁光,马志中,王卫庆,等.糖皮质激素类药物临床应用指导原则 [J] .,2012,28(2):I0002-I0033.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1000-6699.2012.02.023.NingG, MaZZ, WangWQ, et al.Principles for clinical application of glucocorticoids[J].,2012,28(2):I0002-I0033.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1000-6699.2012.02.023.DooleyDP, CarpenterJL, RademacherS.Adjunctive corticosteroid therapy for tuberculosis:a critical reappraisal of the literature[J].,1997,25(4):872-887.DOI:10.1086/515543.NahidP, DormanSE, AlipanahN, et al.Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines:treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis[J].,2016,63(7):e147-e195.DOI:10.1093/cid/ciw376.WyserC, WalzlG, SmedemaJP, et al.Corticosteroids in the treatment of tuberculous pleurisy.A double-blind,placebo-controlled,randomized study[J].,1996,110(2):333-338.DOI:10.1378/chest.110.2.333.DemirK, OktenA, KaymakogluS, et al.Tuberculous peritonitis--reports of 26 cases,detailing diagnostic and therapeutic problems[J].,2001,13(5):581-585.DOI:10.1097/00042737-200105000-00019.中国人民解放军总医院第八医学中心结核病医学部/全军结核病研究所/全军结核病防治重点实验室/结核病诊疗新技术北京市重点实验室,《中国防痨杂志》编辑委员会.糖皮质激素在结核病治疗中的合理应用专家共识[J].,2022,44(1):28-37.DOI:10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20210683.Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment/Institute for Tuberculosis Resarch/Detartment of Tuberculosis of the 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Editorial Board of Chinese Joural of Antituberculosis.Expert consensus on the rational use of glucocorticoids in tuberculosis treatment[J].,2022,44(1):28-37.DOI:10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20210683.CevaalPM, BekkerLG, HermansS.TB-IRIS pathogenesis and new strategies for intervention:insights from related inflammatory disorders[J].,2019,118:101863.DOI:10.1016/j.tube.2019.101863.MeintjesG, WilkinsonRJ, MorroniC, et al.Randomized placebo-controlled trial of prednisone for paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome[J].,2010,24(15):2381-2390.DOI:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32833dfc68.SchutzC, DavisAG, SossenB, et al.Corticosteroids as an adjunct to tuberculosis therapy[J].,2018,12(10):881-891.DOI:10.1080/17476348.2018.1515628.KibrikBS, ChelnokovaGA.Problems of epidemiology,diagnosis and treatment of caseous pneumonia[J].,2002(9):18-22.