儿童胶质瘤的好发部位、临床症状、分子病理学机制、病程转归、影像学特征均具有其独特性,相应的治疗策略也不同于成人胶质瘤;而其中发生于婴幼儿的胶质瘤亦有别于3岁以上儿童。为规范儿童胶质瘤的诊断和治疗,本指南将对PLGG的影像学评估、病理学诊断、手术、放疗和系统性治疗原则进行阐述,以供从事儿童神经肿瘤专业的医务工作者参考。指南根据推荐意见分级的评估、制订及评价(grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation,GRADE)方法(表1),结合文献证据质量等级、专家观点和临床工作实际应用,提出推荐意见。推荐意见由23名多学科专家予以评阅审定,其中循证医学证据尚不充分的内容需要在今后的临床试验中进一步验证和更新。
对于不合并NF1的PLGG,首选手术治疗[3,4,5,6]。手术的目的是切除肿瘤或尽可能地减瘤,明确病理学诊断,以及获得可能的分子靶向治疗的靶点信息。术后肿瘤残留或进展时辅以化疗;由于放疗可能影响患儿的神经系统发育和认知功能,一般不作为首选辅助治疗方式[3,4,5,6]。近年来,随着基因测序技术的普及,PLGG的特征性分子靶点被陆续发现。临床试验已证实,靶向PLGG中BRAF基因突变的药物疗效显著,且该药已被美国国家综合癌症网络(National Compre-hensive Cancer Network,NCCN)指南推荐使用[3,4,5,6]。但靶向药物的用药时长、如何与传统化疗药物联合使用、联合治疗的时机和顺序等均尚待明确[6,8]。
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