FengYi1XuJunjun1Chinese Society of Anesthesiology Working Group on Clinical Practice Guidelines for Total Intravenous Anesthesia in China(2024 edition)1Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People′s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
熊利泽,同济大学附属上海市第四人民医院,上海 200434,Email:mzkxlz@126.com;俞卫锋,上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院麻醉科,上海 200127,Email:ywf808@yeah.net;王天龙,首都医科大学宣武医院麻醉手术科,北京 100053,Email:w_tl5595@hotmail.com Xiong Lize, Shanghai Fourth People′s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China, Email: mzkxlz@126.com;Yu Weifeng, Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China, Email: ywf808@yeah.net;Wang Tianlong, Department of Anesthesiology and Operating Theater, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China, Email: w_tl5595@hotmail.com
2016年中华医学会麻醉学分会全凭静脉麻醉专家共识工作小组发布《全凭静脉麻醉专家共识》[1],2018年英国麻醉医师协会与静脉麻醉学会(the Association of Anaesthetists and the Society for Intravenous Anaesthesia)发布《全凭静脉麻醉安全实践指南》[4],为临床麻醉医师实施TIVA提供技术指导。但随着新型镇静催眠药环泊酚和瑞马唑仑上市、靶控输注(target-controlled infusion,TCI)技术的发展以及TIVA药物新循证证据的不断涌现,现有TIVA指南共识已无法完全满足临床麻醉医师的需求。为此,中华医学会麻醉学分会组织21位专家制定了《中国全凭静脉麻醉临床实践指南(2024版)》,本指南对包括TIVA适应证、禁忌证及优势,实施过程中的麻醉深度监测,静脉麻醉药药理学特点,TCI和非TCI模式下药物的选择和使用,以及特殊人群应用TIVA的注意事项等12个临床问题,形成了22条推荐意见,旨在为临床麻醉医师规范实施TIVA提供指导。
推荐依据:术后恢复质量可以反映麻醉和手术的质量,加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery, ERAS)的最终目标就是促进患者快速、高质量康复。40项恢复质量评分量表(QoR-40)常用于术后恢复质量的评估,该量表从5个维度提供了患者整体健康概况[37]。低QoR-40评分与术后并发症增加、住院时间延长、经济负担加重、长期病残率和死亡率升高有关[2]。不同的麻醉方式可能会对患者恢复造成不同影响。寻求能够提供高质量恢复、最大限度减少患者术后并发症的麻醉技术和药物,日渐受到麻醉医师的关注。部分证据显示,与吸入麻醉相比,以丙泊酚为基础的TIVA可能提高术后QoR-40评分,改善患者术后恢复质量。
推荐意见10:肥胖患者可选择丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼TCI(5,D)。对于非TCI麻醉,静脉麻醉药的用量应根据不同药物特点,分别按照瘦体质量(lean body weight,LBW)或校正体质量(adjusted body weight,ABW)计算(5,D)。瑞马唑仑和环泊酚用于肥胖患者门诊手术TIVA的呼吸抑制作用较轻(2b,B)(强共识,专家支持率:100%)。
推荐依据:肥胖与脂肪组织质量、LBW、血容量和心输出量增加相关,可改变药物PK参数,尤其是分布容积和清除率增加,导致药物需求量增加[142]。肥胖患者除了使用总体质量(total body weight,TBW)计算用药剂量,还可使用理想体质量(ideal body weight,IBW)、LBW和ABW等计算用药剂量[143]。对病态肥胖患者实施TIVA时必须谨慎,这类患者是术中意外知晓的高危人群,尤其是在使用肌肉松弛药时。因此,对肥胖患者进行持续的临床评估尤为重要,建议对病态肥胖患者进行pEEG监测。
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