Pathology Quality Control CenterChinese Society of PathologyChinese Medical Association Chinese Society of OncologyChina Anti-Cancer Association Chinese Society of Lung CancerChinese Thoracic Oncology Group
梁智勇(中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院 北京协和医院病理科,北京100730),Email:liangzy@pumch.cn吴一龙(广东省人民医院肿瘤内科 广东省肺癌研究所,广州 510080),Email:syylwu@live.cn陆舜(上海市胸科医院 上海交通大学附属胸科医院肿瘤科,上海 200030),Email:shunlu@sjtu.edu.cn Liang Zhiyong (Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China), Email: liangzy@pumch.cnWu Yilong (Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangzhou 510080, China), Email: syylwu@live.cnLu Shun (Department of Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China), Email: shunlu@sjtu.edu.cn
指南证据检索及评价小组,针对最终纳入的关键临床问题,按照人群(临床问题)、干预(测试指标)、对照(参考指标)和结局原则进行检索,具体检索数据库包括PubMed、Embase.com、Clinicaltrial.gov、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普资讯网和中国生物医学文献数据库。对检索到的相关文献进行归纳整理及数据提取,使用推荐意见分级的评估、制定及评价(Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation,GRADE)方法对证据质量进行分级[2]。指南制定工作组基于证据检索与评价小组提供的国内外证据,同时考虑我国筛查目标人群的偏好和价值观、筛查措施的成本和利弊后,初步拟定了临床问题推荐意见。以德尔菲法通过邮件形式发送至相关专家进行意见征询,在对推荐意见进行了进一步修改后并达成推荐意见推荐强度共识。GRADE证据质量及推荐强度分级标准参见表1。
3.MET基因扩增及MET蛋白过表达的常用检测方法及主要特点:MET基因扩增的检测方法目前主要包括FISH、二代测序等。FISH法可区分局部扩增和多体,是检测MET基因扩增的金标准。目前,在结果的判读上尚无统一的标准,主要参考Colorado大学癌症中心(University of Colorado Cancer Center,UCCC)标准和Cappuzzo标准,在临床实践中建议尽可能采用能够区分出定点扩增和多倍体的UCCC标准。二代测序用于MET扩增检测,与FISH检测的对应性比较复杂,并可能遗漏MET多体。基于组织样本的DNA二代测序与FISH检测MET基因扩增的阳性一致性为48.0%~62.5%,基于血液样本的ctDNA二代测序检测MET基因扩增的阳性一致性为25%(局部扩增43%,多体10%)。因此,对于检测结果不能确定、有扩增信号但不典型或者位于临界值的患者,建议使用FISH进行复测。对于特殊患者人群,如EGFR-TKI耐药后T790M及其他耐药机制阴性人群,或者组织标本肿瘤细胞含量较低时,考虑到二代测序检测拷贝数变异可能存在的漏检风险,MET扩增二代测序报告阴性时,仍可考虑FISH复测[51]。MET蛋白过表达检测方法为IHC,目前国内外检测MET的抗体已有多个获得国产医疗器械产品(备案),尚没有统一的判读标准。目前临床研究的判读标准结合了相关抗体在肿瘤细胞中的表达强度和百分比。建议IHC检测结果应至少包括所使用的抗体信息、肿瘤细胞中阳性百分比和染色强度[52]。
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