本共识根据推荐评估、制定与评价的分级(grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluations, GRADE)标准制定证据级别和推荐等级:证据质量分为高(A)、中(B)、低(C)、极低(D)4级,推荐强度分为强(1)、弱(2)2级。本共识的证据分级与推荐强度的定义表述见表1。对于缺乏循证医学证据的情况,根据改良德尔菲法召开指南会议,由全国专家组成的专家委员会经过充分讨论及审查后达成推荐意见"专家共识"。
10.3760/cma.j.cn321828-20240412-00131.T001
GRADE证据分级与推荐强度
指标
具体描述
表达符号
证据质量
高
非常有把握观察值接近真实值
A
中
对观察值有中等把握:观察值有可能接近真实值,但也有可能差别很大
B
低
对观察值的把握有限:观察值可能与真实值有很大差别
C
极低
对观察值几乎没有把握:观察值与真实值极可能有极大差别
D
推荐强度
强a
明确显示实施某项推荐意见利大于弊或弊大于利
1
弱b
实施某项推荐意见的利弊不确定,或无论质量高低的证据均显示利弊相当
2
注:a包括强推荐和强不推荐;b包括弱推荐和弱不推荐
一、淀粉样蛋白PET
淀粉样蛋白级联假说指出,脑内淀粉样蛋白沉积是AD病理发生的起始与核心事件。基于社区队列的尸检研究发现,脑内淀粉样蛋白可早于临床症状10~20年开始沉积,并随着疾病的发展逐渐到达平台期。2018年美国国家老龄化和阿尔茨海默协会(National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer′s Association, NIA-AA)[4]及2021年国际工作组(International Working Group, IWG)推荐意见[5]均指出脑内淀粉样蛋白异常沉积是诊断AD的必要条件。因此,通过生物标志物精准检测脑内异常淀粉样蛋白沉积,将提升AD疾病谱患者的早期识别率及诊断准确性,为推动疾病的早防、早诊、早治奠定基础。
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